Well I only encountered with only a handful different glues. Most are the same just rebranded.
There are the German made glues like the BTY Freechack 1, and almost every brand has something like that in their offering. From the shown glues the Gewo Hydrotec is also one of them, but also Andro Turbo Fix, Joola X-glue, Donic Vario and the list goes on and on. They all have the same bottle too across brands so very easy to spot them. I personally don't like this glue since it's crappy to remove it from the sponge and it usually damages weaker sponges. The only difference across the brands is the viscosity of the glue, some are thinner some are thicker.
There are the Revolution no3 types of glues, like the above mentioned Xiom Energy glue. I can't confirm this but the Lidu and Dianchi glues are pretty similar too if not the same. They smell the same and act the same. This glue is pretty good, if you have 3 good layers you can remove it in one go without damaging the sponge. The Lidu and Dianchi stuff is very thin if you are into that. Biggest problem with these is that they smell super bad. I haven't had a chance to try the odorless version.
There is the Nittaku Finezip wich was a pretty popular glue. I had one tub at a point but it was named Stiga Attach power glue, and it's the same stuff again just rebranded. It is a good glue but my biggest problem with it was that it spoiled rather quickly. And it's pretty expensive too.
DHS No 15 is again a different glue and I haven't seen it re-branded yet. I like it since it's cheap and easy to remove like the Revolution just it doesn't have any bad smell. As every glue this one also has some negative aspect, it's a bit "heavyweight".
I don't know about the mentioned Stiga Bond glue, I kind of doubt Stiga developed a glue and looking at the bottle it seems like it's a Revolution bottle so I suppose I solved a mystery for myself.
I have never seen the Yasaka Norisuke-san nor Freechack 2 or the Falco glue so I can't comment if those are different or the same as already mentioned glues.
I suppose once you start stacking layers the glue can change the feeling of the paddle but probably 2 rather thin layers don't matter much. One thing I noticed is that once you remove German glue from a sponge it's not so bouncy as like a DHS or Revolution glue. From DHS and Revo you can make a bouncy ball while the German glue is more like gelatin.