Maybe we disagree about what a powerful finishing shot is defined.
The BH shot Coach Li is doing around the timeframe you mentioned (1:36) is truly maybe half his power, likely 40% or less. I hit a BH flat drive much harder using maybe 10-20% of his arm motion. I am sure Coach Li can equal or exceed my BH power.
Back to blocking such a shot... the basic block will do it... but you will need to have a very loose grip and do your best to have the ball hit the CENTER of the bat... so bat doesn't "shake" and have ball rebound in a different direction than intended. That is a benefit of a heavier bat... better blocking for us amateurs.
The shot Coach Li does can be counter looped off the bounce (get bat to ball, be loose grip, go through ball with short stroke short whip, like real tiny... stay loose)... or it can hard driven right back where it came from. (Allow ball to come up on rise over net height, use a short stroke with medium or firm grip and make solid direct contact)
If you are not close to the table and someone gives you one of those, just take a step to the side to get to ball if needed, hold out arm and bat to meet the ball directly (relative open bat) (more open for flatter ball)... use a loose grip. You will return that shot safely.
The same concept applies to a smash speed ball, you just gotta be looser grip on those. Once you get some of these back, you will feel how easy the concept is. The "difficult" part is knowing where such a ball will go.
You can with time, know opponents tendencies... however, you can simply go with the odds until opponent shows versatility or tendencies.
The odds are, on a powerful shot, opponent is going the natural angle - CROSS COURT.
So, if both are RH players and you gave a loose ball to his BH corner, there is a very high chance the opponent will hard drive it right back to your BH corner area.
Just be ready, be loose, don't panic. Move your arm to the ball once he hits is (if it isn't already coming where you prepared) LOOSE GRIP. Believe. You will get it back.
There is a natural tendency for players to TIGHTEN grip and arm when an opponent is showing a stroke with huge swing or huge energy... it is kinda like instinctive human reflex. Don't do that. Just be loose, get bat to ball, believe me, you have time if he is hitting to a prepared zone... stay loose grip and get bat on ball and you have a high chance of returning it.
I get so many points from my opponents tightening up vs my big swings and my heavy spins. Do your best to be relaxed and loose. Don't try to be a hero, just stick that sucka out there real loose and you got it.