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The Swedish system:
National leagues:
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Pingisligan
Superettan
Division 1 (4 "leagues" based on geography)
Division 2 (8 "leagues")
Division 3 (16 "leagues")
Rational leagues:
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Division 4-7 (some regions only have up to div 4)
The two best teams either get promoted or get to play play offs to get promoted. The same applies to the bottom two (or one in the highest leagues).
All games in leagues as well as tournaments will give you ranking points. This also applies to veteran, youth and womens leagues and tournaments.
Fun fact: TTD Tom plays for a team in division 1 "east". His win/loss ratio is 21-13 making him the 9th best player in the league. In this league you'll also find the 13 year old wiz kid David Björkryd (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INizzPn51tI) who has got a ratio of 13-7.
Edit: Most clubs will have a lot of teams in different divisions. "My" club has got teams in 1,2,3,4,6 (2 teams) and 7 (2 teams). You can move players up and down but you usually have to skip one round to go down one division.
To this can be added local series trough "Korpen" (a Swedish association for less serious form of practicing/competing in sports). In Stockholm that adds 11 divisions for teams of two and 2 divisions for teams of three.